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<title>Jupiter Fact Sheet</title>
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<h3>Jupiter Fact Sheet</h3>
<img src="../images/jupiter">Jupiter
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<h4>Jupiter/Earth Comparison</h4>

<h5>Bulk parameters</h5>
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                                   Jupiter      Earth   Ratio(Jupiter/Earth)
Mass (10<sup>24</sup> kg)                      1,898.6     5.9736      317.83 
Volume (10<sup>10</sup> km<sup>3</sup>)                 143,128     108.321      1321.33
Radius (1 bar level) (km)
    Equatorial                     71,492       6,378        11.21     
    Polar                          66,854       6,356        10.52
Volumetric mean radius (km)        69,911       6,371        10.97
Ellipticity                         0.0649      0.0034       19.09  
Mean density (kg/m<sup>3</sup>)                1,326       5,520         0.240 
Gravity (eq., 1 bar) (m/s<sup>2</sup>)        23.12        9.78          2.364 
Escape velocity (km/s)             59.5        11.19          5.32
GM (x 10<sup>6</sup> km<sup>3</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>)                 126.686       0.3986      317.8 
Bond albedo                         0.70        0.385         1.82
Visual Geometric Albedo             0.52        0.367         1.42  
Visual magnitude V(1,0)            -9.40       -3.86           -
Solar irradiance (W/m<sup>2</sup>)            51.       1380.            0.037
Black-body temperature (K)         90.6       247.3           0.366
Moment of inertia (I/MR<sup>2</sup>)           0.254       0.3308        0.768 
J<sub>2</sub> (x 10<sup>-6</sup>)                        14,736    1082.63         13.611    
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<h5>Orbital parameters</h5> 
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                                   Jupiter      Earth   Ratio(Jupiter/Earth)
Semimajor axis (10<sup>6</sup> km)             778.3       149.6         5.203   
Sidereal orbit period (days)      4,332.589     365.256      11.862   
Tropical orbit period (days)      4,330.595     365.242      11.857
Perihelion (10<sup>6</sup> km)                 740.6       147.1         5.035      
Aphelion (10<sup>6</sup> km)                   816.0       152.1         5.365
Synodic period (days)               398.88        -             -
Mean orbital velocity (km/s)         13.07       29.79        0.439   
Orbit inclination (deg)               1.305       0.00          -
Orbit eccentricity                    0.04845     0.0167      2.901
Sidereal rotation period (hours)      9.9250*    23.9345      0.415  
Obliquity to orbit (deg)              3.12       23.45        0.133 
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* System III (1965.0) coordinates
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<h4>Jovian Magnetosphere</h4>

Goddard Space Flight Center O4 Model
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    Dipole field strength: 4.28 gauss-Rj<sup>3</sup>
    Dipole tilt to rotational axis: 9.6 degrees
    Longitude of tilt: 201.7 degrees
    Dipole offset (planet center to dipole center) distance: 0.131 Rj
    Latitude/Longitude of offset vector: -8.0 degrees/148.57 degrees
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<b>Note:</b> All latitudes/longitudes are given in Jovian System III (1965.0) coordinates.<br>
Rj denotes Jovian radii, 71,398 km
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<h4>Jovian Atmosphere</h4>
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Surface Pressure: &gt;&gt;100 bars  
Average temperature: ~129 K
Temperature at 1 bar: ~165 K
Density at 1 bar: ~0.16 kg/m<sup>3</sup>
Wind speeds
   Up to ~150 m/s (&lt;30 degrees latitude)
   Up to  ~40 m/s (&gt;30 degrees latitude)
Scale height: 27 km
Mean molecular weight: 2.22 g/mole
Atmospheric composition
    Major:       Molecular hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) - 89%; Helium (He) - 11%
    Minor (ppm): Methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) - ~2000; Ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) - ~200;
                 Hydrogen Deuteride (HD) - 20; Ethane (C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>) - ~5;
                 Water (H<sub>2</sub>O) - 1
    Aerosols:    Ammonia ice, water ice, ammonia hydrosulfide
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